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	<title>Doc Searls Weblog &#187; Past</title>
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		<title>WGBH and public radio&#8217;s future</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/11/25/wgbh-and-public-radios-future/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/11/25/wgbh-and-public-radios-future/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 15:41:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2296</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[@robpatrob (Robert Paterson) asks (responding to this tweet and this post) &#8220;Why would GBH line up against BUR? Why have a war between 2 Pub stations in same city?&#8221; (In this tweet and this one, Dan Kennedy asks pretty much the same thing.)

The short answer is, Because it wouldn&#8217;t be a war. Boston is the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://twitter.com/robpatrob">@robpatrob</a> (<a href="http://www.smartpei.typepad.com/">Robert Paterson</a>) <a href="http://twitter.com/robpatrob/status/6050025641">asks</a> (responding to <a href="http://twitter.com/dsearls/status/6050004306">this tweet</a> and <a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/11/23/wgbhwcrb-go-the-way-of-wnycwqxr/">this post</a>) &#8220;<span><span>Why would GBH line up against BUR? Why have a war between 2 Pub stations in same city?&#8221; (In <a href="http://twitter.com/dankennedy_nu/status/6050129145">this tweet</a> and <a href="http://twitter.com/dankennedy_nu/status/6050150535">this one</a>, <a href="http://www.dankennedy.net/">Dan Kennedy</a> asks pretty much the same thing.)<br />
</span></span></p>
<p><span><span>The short answer is, Because it wouldn&#8217;t be a war. Boston is the world&#8217;s largest college town. There are already a pile of home-grown radio-ready program-filling goods here, if one bothers to dig and develop. The standard NPR line-up could also use a challenge from other producers. WGBH is already doing that in the mornings by putting <a href="http://www.thetakeaway.org/">The Takeaway</a> up against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Edition">Morning Edition</a>. That succeeds for me because now I have more choices. I can jump back and forth between those two (which I do, and <a href="http://howardstern.com/">Howard Stern</a> as well).</span></span></p>
<p><span><span>The longer answer is that it gives GBH a start on the inevitable replacement of signal-based radio by multiple streams and podcast line-ups. WGBH has an exemplary record as a producer of televsion programming, but it&#8217;s not setting the pace in other media, including radio. The story is apparent in the first four paragraphs of its <a href="http://www.wgbh.org/about/">About page</a> (which is sure to change):</span></span></p>
<blockquote><p><span>WGBH is PBS’s single largest producer of content for television (prime-time and children’s programs) and the Web. Some of your favorite series and websites — </span><strong><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=16"><span>Nova</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=216"><span>Masterpiece</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=6"><span>Frontline</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=107"><span>Antiques Roadshow</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=61"><span>Curious George</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=59"><span>Arthur</span></a></strong><span>, and<strong> </strong></span><strong><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=80"><span>The Victory Garden</span></a></strong><span>, to name a few — are produced here in our Boston studios. </span></p>
<p><span>WGBH also is a major supplier of programs heard nationally on public radio, including </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/listen/news.cfm"><span><strong>The World</strong></span></a><span>. And we’re a pioneer in educational multimedia and in media access technologies for people with hearing or vision loss. </span></p>
<p><span>Our community ties run deep. We’re a local public broadcaster serving southern New England, with 11 public television services and three public radio services — and productions (from </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=470"><span><strong>Greater Boston</strong></span></a><span> to </span><a href="http://www.wgbh.org/programs/programDetail.cfm?programid=287"><span><strong>Jazz with Eric in the Evening</strong></span></a><span>) that reflect the issues and cultural riches of our region. We’re a member station of PBS and an affiliate of both NPR and PRI. </span></p>
<p><span>In today’s fast-changing media landscape, we’re making sure you can find our content when and where you choose — on TV, radio, the Web, podcasts, vodcasts, streaming audio and video, iPhone applications, groundbreaking teaching tools, and more. Our reach and impact keep growing. </span></p></blockquote>
<p><span>Note the order: TV first, radio second, the rest of it third. But where WGBH needs to lead in the future is with #3: that last paragraph. Look at <a href="http://www.wgbh.org/about/report.cfm">WGBH&#8217;s annual report</a>. It&#8217;s very TV-heavy. Compare its radio productions to those of Chicago Public Radio or WNYC. Very strong in classical music (now moving over to WCRB, at least on the air), and okay-but-not-great in other stuff.</span></p>
<p><span>Public TV has already become a ghetto of geezers and kids, while the audience between those extrmes is diffusing across cable TV and other media. An increasingly negligible sum of people watch over-the-air (OTA) TV. Here WGBH lost out too. It&#8217;s old signal on Channel 2 was huge, reaching more households than any other in New England. Now it&#8217;s just another UHF digital signal &#8212; like its own WGBX/44, with no special advantages. Public radio is in better shape, for now, because its band isn&#8217;t the ever-growing accordion file that cable TV has become; and because most of it still lives in a regulated protectorate at the bottom fifth of the FM band. It also helps public radio that the rest of both the FM and the AM bands suck so royally. (Only sports and political talk are holding their own. Music programming is losing to file sharing and iPods. All-news stations are yielding to iPhone programs that offer better news, weather and traffic reporting. In Boston WBZ is still a landmark news station, but it has to worry a bit with WGBH going in the same direction.)<br />
</span></p>
<p><span>So the timing is right. WGBH needs to start sinking new wells into the aquifer of smart, talented and original people and organizations here in the Boston area &#8212; and taking the lead in producing great new programming with what they find. I&#8217;ll put in another plug for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lydon">Chris Lydon</a>&#8217;s <a href="http://www.radioopensource.org/">Open Source</a>, which is currently available only in podcast/Web form. And there is much more, including Cambridge-based <a href="http://www.prx.org/">PRX</a>&#8217;s enormous portfolio of goods.  (Disclosure: my <a href="http://projectvrm.org">work</a> with the <a href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu">Berkman Center</a> is partially funded through PRX &#8212; and those folks, like Chris, are good friends.)<br />
</span></p>
<p><span>In the long run what will matter are sources, listeners, and the finite amount of time the latter can devote to the former. Not old-fashioned signals.</span></p>
<p><span>P.S. to <a href="http://twitter.com/dankennedy_nu/status/6050129145">Dan Kennedy&#8217;s tweeted question</a>, &#8220;</span><span><span>Is there another city in the country where two big-time public radio stations go head-to-head on news? Can&#8217;t think of one.&#8221; Here are a few (though I&#8217;d broaden the answer beyond &#8220;news,&#8221; since WBUR isn&#8217;t just that): </span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=seattle">Seattle</a> (KUOW and KPLU)</li>
<li><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=san+francisco&amp;state=ca">San Francisco</a> (KQED and KALW)</li>
<li><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=los+angeles&amp;state=CA">Los Angeles</a> (KPPC and KCRW)</li>
<li><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=atlanta&amp;state=gA">Atlanta</a> (various vs. GBP)</li>
<li><span><span><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=minneapolis&amp;state=mn&amp;">Minnesota</a> (too many to mention)</span></span></li>
<li><span><span><a href="http://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&amp;city=portland%2C+or">Oregon</a> (<a href="http://www.ijpr.org/">JPR</a> and <a href="http://www.opb.org/radio/">OPB</a>)<br />
</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>All with qualifications, of course. In some cases you can add in Pacifica (which, even though my hero Larry Josephson once called it a &#8220;foghorn for political correctness,&#8221; qualifies as competition). Still, my point is that there is room for more than one mostly-talk (or news) public radio station in most well-populated regions. Even in Boston, where WBUR has been king of the hill for many years. Hey, other things being equal (and they never are), the biggest signal still tends to win. And in Boston, WGBH has <a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/files/2009/11/gbh-crb-bur.jpg">a bigger signal</a> than WBUR: almost 100,000 watts vs. 12,000 watts. WBUR radiates from a higher elevaiton, but its signal is directional. On AM that means it&#8217;s stronger than the listed power in some directions and weaker in others; but on FM it means no more than the listed power in some directions and weaker in others. See <a href="http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/polarplot?frame=Y&amp;temp=64755&amp;rotate=0.00&amp;p0=1.000&amp;p10=1.000&amp;p20=1.000&amp;p30=1.000&amp;p40=1.000&amp;p50=1.000&amp;p60=1.000&amp;p70=1.000&amp;p80=1.000&amp;p90=1.000&amp;p100=1.000&amp;p110=1.000&amp;p120=1.000&amp;p130=1.000&amp;p140=0.794&amp;p150=0.631&amp;p160=0.501&amp;p170=0.501&amp;p180=0.631&amp;p190=0.759&amp;p197=0.891&amp;p200=0.891&amp;p210=0.708&amp;p217=0.603&amp;p220=0.603&amp;p230=0.603&amp;p235=0.603&amp;p240=0.676&amp;p246=0.776&amp;p250=0.708&amp;p260=0.562&amp;p270=0.447&amp;p280=0.447&amp;p290=0.562&amp;p300=0.708&amp;p310=0.891&amp;p320=1.000&amp;p330=0.871&amp;p335=0.871&amp;p340=0.891&amp;p350=1.000&amp;p360=1.000&amp;">the FCC&#8217;s relative field polar plot</a> to see how WBUR&#8217;s signal is dented in every direction other than a stretch from just west of North to Southeast. In other words, toward all but about a third of its coverage area. To sum up, WGBH has a much punchier signal. I&#8217;m sure the GBH people also have this in mind when they think about how they&#8217;ll compete with BUR.</p>
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		<title>It&#8217;s too early</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/its-too-early/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/its-too-early/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 12:33:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Business]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/its-too-early/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The older I get, the earlier it seems.
So many gone things once looked like final stages: AM radio, nuclear bombs, FM, stereo, FM stereo, TV, color TV, quadrophonic sound, answer machines, PCs, online services, bulletin boards, home PBXes, newsgroups, instant messaging, cell phones, HD, browsing, pirate radio, free wi-fi, friending, tweeting.
Yeah, some of those aren&#8217;t [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The older I get, the earlier it seems.</p>
<p>So many gone things once looked like final stages: AM radio, nuclear bombs, FM, stereo, FM stereo, TV, color TV, quadrophonic sound, answer machines, PCs, online services, bulletin boards, home PBXes, newsgroups, instant messaging, cell phones, HD, browsing, pirate radio, free wi-fi, friending, tweeting.</p>
<p>Yeah, some of those aren&#8217;t gone yet, but don&#8217;t count on their staying around. Not in their current forms.</p>
<p>Three conditions have been profoundly increased by technology during my brief (62.2 year) lifetime: connectivity, autonomy and abundance. Those have been provided respectively by the Net, personal computing, and data processing and storage. I can now connect with anybody or anything pretty much anywhere I go, as an autonomous actor rather than a captive dependent on some company&#8217;s silo or walled garden. I can also access, accumulate and put to use many kinds of information of relevance to myself and my world.</p>
<p>Some creepy dependencies are still involved, such as the ones I have with ISPs and phone companies. But I believe even those will become substitutable services in the long run, much as the best &#8220;cloud&#8221; services are also becoming substitutable <a href="http://www.nicholasgcarr.com/bigswitch/">utilities</a>.</p>
<p>I haven&#8217;t said that all this is a Good Thing. In fact I&#8217;m not sure it is. Meaning I&#8217;m not sure it has been good for us, or our world, that we have drifted so far from the hunting and gathering animals we were when we diasporized out of Africa during the last Ice Age. Perhaps we have adapted well without evolving at all. Think about it. </p>
<p>We are, if nothing else (and yes, we are much else) a pestilence on the planet. Few creatures other than rats and microbes are more widespread, or have done more to eat and alter the Earth&#8217;s contents and its living dependents. Sure, I&#8217;m enjoying it too. But at some point the party ends. When it does, what do we go home to?</p>
<p>Anyway, this all comes to mind while reading <a href="http://www.roughtype.com/">Nick Carr</a>&#8217;s <a href="http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2009/10/the_eternal_con.php">The eternal conference call</a>. His bottom lines are killer:</p>
<p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td width="25">&nbsp;</td>
<td><i>The flaw of synchronous communication has been repackaged as the boon of realtime communication. Asynchrony, once our friend, is now our enemy. The transaction costs of interpersonal communication have fallen below zero: It costs more to leave the stream than to stay in it. The approaching Wave promises us the best of both worlds: the realtime immediacy of the phone call with the easy broadcasting capacity of email. Which is also, as we&#8217;ll no doubt come to discover, the worst of both worlds. Welcome to the conference call that never ends. Welcome to Wave hell.</i></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It&#8217;s the latest among Nick&#8217;s <a href="http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2009/02/the_free_arts_a.php">Realtime Chronicles</a>. As always, strong stuff.</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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		<title>Technorati tweaking</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/technorati-tweaking/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/technorati-tweaking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 11:46:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/14/technorati-tweaking/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The original Technorati was born during a writing project David Sifry and I were doing for Linux Journal. Late at night David pinged me and said &#8220;Look at this,&#8221; and I was amazed. It was the first search engine for what we then called The Live Web (and now call Real Time). Basically, it was [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The original <a href="http://technorati.com" rel="tag">Technorati</a> was born during a writing project <a href="http://www.sifry.com/alerts/">David Sifry</a> and I were doing for <a href="http://linuxjournal.com" rel="tag">Linux Journal</a>. Late at night David pinged me and said &#8220;Look at this,&#8221; and I was amazed. It was the first search engine for what we then called The Live Web (and now call Real Time). Basically, it was a search engine that just paid attention to RSS, which back then consisted mostly of blogs. (I welcome corrections from David, or anybody, on that. It&#8217;s been awhile.) When David made Technorati a company, he put me on its advisory board, and for awhile I had some influence on where it went and what it did. It was also, for many subjects, my primary search engine. If I wanted to follow conversation about a subject, Technorati was where I went first. I also liked the way it allowed me to look at a topic&#8217;s trending over the last few weeks or months. Technorati was also a technical pioneer, introducing tag search, along with new standards and practices around tagging in general. After <a href="http://blogsearch.google.com">Google Blogsearch</a> came along, I used both, but Technorati was usually my first choice. I especially liked <i>s.technorati.com</i>, which gave the same results through a plain no-bullshit search UI.</p>
<p>Over the years, however, Technorati came to value popularity and buzz more than the kind of stuff I was looking for. Some of the same functionality was there, but it was buried deeper and deeper. For example, feeds of searches. If I wanted to subscribe to feeds of, say, a <a href="http://www.technorati.com/search?return=posts&amp;q=Nokia+N900">search for Nokia N900</a>, I could click on something that said (or meant) &#8220;get a feed for this search.&#8221; <a href="http://blogsearch.google.com">Google Blogsearch</a> had the same feature, and made it easy. Still does, giving me a choice of Blog Alerts, Atom and RSS, under a heading that says &#8220;Subscribe&#8221;. Twitter search, similarly, has &#8220;feed for this query&#8221;.</p>
<p>Without being able to find that feed easily, I lost interest in Technorati, only going there when I couldn&#8217;t find the results I wanted elsewhere. By that time David and most of the other people I knew at Technorati had moved on, so I didn&#8217;t have much interest in volunteering advice. </p>
<p>But I learned this morning (<a href="http://twitter.com/Technorati">via Twitter</a>, naturally) that Technorati had <a href="http://blog.technorati.com/2009/10/a-totally-new-technoraticom-technorati-media-rising.html">gone through an overhaul</a>. It&#8217;s certainly faster and less cluttered. But I still can&#8217;t find feeds for searches. Trending seems to be gone, or hidden where I can&#8217;t find it. And I have no idea how to do tag searches with it. Maybe that&#8217;s because, as <a href="http://venturebeat.com/2009/10/02/big-changes-coming-at-technorati-the-ceos-perspective/">CEO Richard Jalichandra explains here</a>, &#8220;We&#8217;re eliminating many of&nbsp;<a href="http://Technorati.com" title="http://Technorati. " target="_blank">Technorati.com</a>&#8217;s annoyances and some features, especially ones people didn&#8217;t use enough to justify the cost.  Instead, we&#8217;re focusing on delivering the value people really want from us: instead of boiling the ocean to make coffee, we&#8217;re aiming to deliver the non-fat soy latte you asked for.&#8221; </p>
<p>Well, that &#8220;you&#8221; isn&#8217;t me. Which is cool. Technorati has become less a search company and more a media company. They launched <a href="http://beta.technoratimedia.com/">Technorati Media</a> at the same time. It&#8217;s a way to buy and sell ads. I wish them well with it. (Hey, <a href="http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/10/14/the-new-technorati/">Techcruch likes it</a>.)</p>
<p>Meanwhile I&#8217;ll stick with Google Blogsearch for my live Web searching.  </p>
<p>Wonder what the rest of ya&#8217;ll think.</p>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
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		<title>Fire seasonings</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/05/fire-seasonings/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/10/05/fire-seasonings/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 14:20:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2139</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m on the East Coast for the rest of the current fire season in California. Which is cool, literally. I miss Santa Barbara, but not the fear of destruction (which I generally don&#8217;t have there, but I need my rationalizations). Speaking of which, here&#8217;s The Mania of Owning Things, my EOF column for August 2009 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m on the East Coast for the rest of the current <a href="http://www.theonion.com/content/video/californians_gather_to_celebrate">fire season in California</a>. Which is cool, literally. I miss Santa Barbara, but not the fear of destruction (which I generally don&#8217;t have there, but I need my rationalizations). Speaking of which, here&#8217;s <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10514">The Mania of Owning Things</a>, my EOF column for <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10514">August 2009 issue of Linux Journal</a>. I wrote it during the <a href="http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&amp;source=hp&amp;q=%22Jesusita+fire%22&amp;gbv=2&amp;aq=f&amp;oq=&amp;aqi=">Jesusita Fire</a>, the second fire-bullet we dodged this year.</p>
<p>The column title refers to the last line of this bit of <a href="http://searls.com/whitman.html">Whitman</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>I think I could turn and live awhile with the animals.<br />
They are so placid and self-contained.<br />
I stand and look at them sometimes half the day long.<br />
They do not sweat and whine about their condition.<br />
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins.<br />
Not one is dissatisfied.<br />
Not one is demented with the mania of owning things.</p></blockquote>
<p>(For some reason most of those lines didn&#8217;t make it into the published piece. So, when you look at it, bear in mind that the top text is part of Whitman and none of me.) Some exerpts (from me, not Whitman):</p>
<blockquote><p>Ambition and industry in the face of inevitable destruction is the job of life&#8230;</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>I believe in ownership—not for economic reasons, but because possession is 9/10ths of the three-year-old. We are all still toddlers in more ways than we&#8217;d like to admit—especially when it comes to possessions.</p>
<p>We are grabby animals. We like to own stuff—or at least control it. Where would a three-year-old be without the first-person possessive pronoun? No response is more human than “Mine!” And yet possessions are also burdens. I have a friend whose childhood home was burned twice by the same nutcase. He&#8217;s one of the sanest people I know. I can&#8217;t say it&#8217;s because he has been relieved of archives and other non-negotiables, but it makes a kind of sense to me. I have tons of that stuff, and I&#8217;ve thought lately about what it would mean if suddenly they were all cremated. Would that really be all bad? What I&#8217;d miss most are old photos that haven&#8217;t been scanned and writing that hasn&#8217;t been digitized in some way. But is my digital stuff all that safe either?&#8230;</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve just started backing (it) up “in the cloud”. But how safe is that? Or secure? Companies are temporary. Servers are temporary. Hell, everything is temporary.</p>
<p>When I was young, I acknowledged death as part of the cycle of life. Now I think it&#8217;s the other way around. Life is part of the cycle of death. Life generates fuel for death. It&#8217;s a carbon-based refinery for lots of interesting and helpful stuff.</p>
<p>Think about it. Marble. Limestone. Travertine. Oil. Gas. Coal. Wood. Linoleum. Cement. Paint. Plastics. Paper. Asphalt. Textiles. Medicines. Even the heat used to smelt iron and shape glass comes mostly from burning fossil fuel. The moon has abundant aluminum ores. But how would you produce the heat required for extraction, or do anything without the combustive assistance of oxygen? Ninety-eight percent of the oxygen in Earth&#8217;s atmosphere is produced by plants. Most of the sources are now dead, their energies devoted to post-living purposes.</p>
<p>The Internet grows by an odd noospheric process: duplication. In “Better Than Free”, Kevin Kelly makes an observation so profound and obvious that you can&#8217;t shake it once it sinks in: “The Internet is a copy machine.” As a result, the Net is turning into what Bob Frankston calls a “sea of bits”. This too is an ecosystem of sorts. Is it, like Earth&#8217;s ecosystem, a way that death makes use of life? I wonder about that too.</p></blockquote>
<p>Anyway, the rest is <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10514">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge fly-by</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/15/hoover-dam-bypass-bridge-fly-by/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/15/hoover-dam-bypass-bridge-fly-by/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2009 14:32:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Past]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Photography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Places]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aerial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arizona Geology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aviation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colrado River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hoover Dam Bypass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mike O'Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2085</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
The shot above, made on Sunday out the window of a plane on approach to Las Vegas, comes three and a half years after this shot, which I took from the ground at Hoover Dam. Here&#8217;s a whole set of the fly-by. Not much of the dam shows. The Colorado River gorge is easier to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/sets/72157622374876890/"><img src="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/files/2009/09/bypassbridge.jpg" alt="bypassbridge" width="100%" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/3919063271/in/set-72157622374876890/">The shot above,</a> made on Sunday out the window of a plane on approach to Las Vegas, comes three and a half years after <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/82432991/">this shot</a>, which I took from the ground at Hoover Dam. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/sets/72157622374876890/">Here&#8217;s a whole set of the fly-by</a>. Not much of the dam shows. The Colorado River gorge is easier to see.</p>
<p>Two things stand out for me in this scene. One is the remarkable engineering involved in building the <a rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Bypass">Mike O&#8217;Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, better known as the Hoover Dam Bypass</a>. The other is that, from altitude &#8212; far more than from the ground &#8212; you can see the volcanic nature and origin of the rock supporting both the bridge and hte dam. I&#8217;ve been looking around for source docs online that detail the provenance of this rock, which needs to be of a competence sufficient to anchor one of the world&#8217;s biggest dams, while also supporting a bridge over a gorge. As I recall from the visit, it&#8217;s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite">rhyolite</a>. But, not sure. Looks like it. Maybe <a href="http://arizonageology.blogspot.com/2009/08/hoover-dam-bypass-bridge-reaches.html">Arizona Geology</a> can fill us in.</p>
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		<title>Same date, new sphere</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/11/same-date-new-sphere/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/11/same-date-new-sphere/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2009 23:03:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Past]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[911]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2067</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On 9/11/2001 I had already been blogging for nearly two years. It&#8217;s interesting to see what I wrote this day, back then. Since my blog then was not on local time, my first four posts were actually the last from the day before. My first 9/11 post was this one.
A declaration of peace was my [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 9/11/2001 I had already been blogging for nearly two years. It&#8217;s interesting to see <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/11">what I wrote this day</a>, back then. Since my blog then was not on local time, my first four posts were actually the last from the day before. My first 9/11 post was <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/11#aTimeForLoveAndMourning">this one</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/11#declarationOfPeace">A declaration of peace</a> was my second post. Longer and more thoughtful posts came on <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/12">9/12</a>, <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/13">9/13</a>, <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/14">9/14</a>, <a href="http://doc-weblogs.com/2001/09/16">9/16</a> and so on.</p>
<p>Kinda sad to see how many links now go nowhere, or to blogs that have since been abandoned. My blogroll on the right side of those pages has a lot of rot in it too.</p>
<p>In August 2007 I moved my blog here. Thanks to <a href="http://scripting.com">Dave Winer</a>, the old blog archives live.</p>
<p>The Net is different too, especially around the Web. Google is the new Microsoft. Facebook is the new AOL. Twitter is the new CB radio. Much of what used to be on TV and in print have moved to the Web in new forms. Much of education too.</p>
<p>One year ago we were in the midst of a financial collapse. That&#8217;s ending now, maybe, sort of.</p>
<p>The whole world is in a transitional state, between many old institutions that aren&#8217;t yet dead and many new ones that are not yet formed. That includes Facebook and Twitter, by the way.</p>
<p>The attack on the World Trade Center was followed by wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that have not ended. In Iraq, which has a working government and a degree of peace, an agreeable end can be imagined. Less so in Afghanistan, which George Will, America&#8217;s top conservative columnist, <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/31/AR2009083102912.html">thinks we should now abandon</a>.</p>
<p>Terrorists have not attacked the U.S. directly again. At least not that blatantly, or to the same great effect. Interpret that any way you like.</p>
<p><a href="http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/09/remembering-911.html">Bonus link</a>.</p>
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		<title>Naming disasters</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/02/naming-disasters/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/02/naming-disasters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2009 02:18:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[problems]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/02/naming-disasters/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Why do mainstream broadcasters keep calling that big fire north of Los Angeles &#8220;the so-called Station Fire?&#8221; You never hear &#8220;so-called Hurricane Bill&#8221; or &#8220;so-called Hurricane Erika&#8221;. Why is that?
The main reason is that hurricanes have a much better naming convention. The surnames of hurricanes are first names of humans. The first names of wildfires [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why do mainstream broadcasters keep calling that big fire north of Los Angeles &#8220;the <i>so-called</i> <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2204853/">Station Fire</a>?&#8221; You never hear &#8220;so-called Hurricane Bill&#8221; or &#8220;<i>so-called</i> Hurricane Erika&#8221;. Why is that?</p>
<p>The main reason is that hurricanes have a much better naming convention. The surnames of hurricanes are first names of humans. The first names of wildfires often make no sense to ordinary folk. Gap, Day and Station don&#8217;t call meaning to mind. As I recall the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Fire">Day Fire</a> was the second to start on Labor Day, 2006. The other fire was called Labor.</p>
<p>With their human names, hurricanes are personified, making them easy to follow and remember. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina">Katrina</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew">Andrew</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo">Hugo</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Fran">Fran</a> leap from memory a lot quicker than &#8220;<a href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/galleries/2005/0724/hurricane1938/">The Great Hurricane of 1938</a>&#8221; &#8212; which happened to be a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Hurricane_of_1938">Category 5 monster</a>. It killed hundreds of people and blew out the wind guage at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Hill_Meteorological_Observatory">Blue Hill Observatory</a> when a gust hit 186 miles per hour. If it had been named Lucinda, it would have persisted as one of New England&#8217;s greatest weather legends. Instead it&#8217;s like, whoa, who knew?</p>
<p><a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2204853/">According to this report</a>, fires are named by the people who fight them. I suggest to those same folks that it will be easier to fight a fire with a personified name than a locational one. Why? Fear. Residents are much more likely to get their rears in gear when &#8220;Jack&#8221; or &#8220;Martha&#8221; are coming up the canyon than when &#8220;Station&#8221; is doing the same.</p></p>
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		<title>Living on Borrowed Land</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/01/living-on-borrowed-land/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/09/01/living-on-borrowed-land/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2009 17:08:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Future]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ideas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA["John McPhee"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California poppies]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[carbon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coal]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[human]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Plant Sherer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redwoods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[San Gabriel Mountains]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[San gabriels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Station Fire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stationfire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subduction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Control of Nature]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Uncommon Carriers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wildfire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wildfires]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2025</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Why do mature redwood trees have trunks that rise two hundred feet before branches commence, live for centuries and have bark that&#8217;s a foot thick? Because they are adapted to fire.

Why does the silver-green chaparral that covers California&#8217;s hills and mountains burn so easily? Because it&#8217;s supposed to.

Why, other than its color, is the California [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/files/2009/09/redwoods.jpg" alt="redwoods" width="100%" /></p>
<p>Why do mature <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia">redwood trees</a> have trunks that rise two hundred feet before branches commence, live for centuries and have bark that&#8217;s a foot thick? <em>Because they are adapted to fire.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/sets/72057594106843240/"><img src="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/files/2009/09/zaca.jpg" alt="zaca" width="100%" /></a></p>
<p>Why does the silver-green <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral">chaparral</a> that covers California&#8217;s hills and mountains burn so easily? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral#Ecology_of_fire_in_chaparral"><em>Because it&#8217;s supposed to</em></a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/8736487/in/set-72157616019596053/"><img src="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/files/2009/09/calpoppies.jpg" alt="calpoppies" width="100%" /></a></p>
<p>Why, other than its color, is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_poppy">California Poppy</a> such an appropriate flower for the Golden State? <em>Because it is adapted to both fire and earthquakes</em>. Says Wikipedia, &#8220;It grows well in disturbed areas and often recolonizes after fires&#8221;.</p>
<p>Of course, so do we. That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s not weird to find humans colonizing hillsides and other &#8220;disturbed areas&#8221; of California. Case in point: I am writing this in a house sited on an former landslide, not far from the perimeters of two wildfires that claimed hundreds of other houses in the past few months.</p>
<p>Every spot on Earth is temporary, but California is a special example. As permanence goes, California is a house of cards.</p>
<p>For example, take a look at some of <a href="http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu/downloads.php#RegionalTectGeolHist">the animations here</a>, prepared by <a href="http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu">geologists</a> at <a href="http://ucsb.edu">UCSB</a>. Watch as<a href="http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu/download/pacnorth.php"> a sheet of crust the size of a continent gets shoved</a> under the western edge of North America. Debris that piled up in the trench where that happened is what we now call the Bay Area. Submerged crust that melted, rose and hardened under North America — and was just recently exposed — we now call the Sierras. Take a look at<a href="http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu/download/socalcities.php"> the last 20 million years of Southern California history</a>. It&#8217;s a wreck that&#8217;s still going on. One section of that wreck is a bend along the boundary between plates of crust. Mountains pile up along that bend, like snow in front of a plow. The biggest of these ranges we call <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains">the San Gabriels</a>. Those are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2009_California_wildfires">on fire right now</a>. Add up all the Southern California wildfires over the last twenty years and you&#8217;ll get a territory exceeding that of several smaller states.</p>
<p>My point is perspective. The human one is so brief that it can hardly take in the full scope of What&#8217;s Going On, or what our lives contribute to it. In a geological context, what we contribute are <a href="http://www.ericroston.com/">carbon</a> and fossils. We do that by dying. Other planets have geologies as well, but none have marble, limestone, coal or oil. Those are all produced by dead plants and animals. It would be hard to make heat on Mars because — as far as we know — there is no dead stuff to burn.</p>
<p>Humans love to make structures and produce heat, which means we have an unusually strong appetite for dead stuff. Even cement and steel require dead stuff in their making.</p>
<p>If you <a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=windowseat&amp;w=52614599%40N00">fly a lot</a>, as I do, you start to notice black lines on the landscape. These are coal trains that move like ant trails <a href="http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/WyomingCoal/production.aspx">from mines</a> in the West to power plants all over the country. The largest of <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/sets/72157613185884418/">these mines</a> are in Wyoming, <a href="http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/WyomingCoal/wyomingFields.aspx">more than 50% of which</a> has coal to burn. This coal consists of dead stuff that has been buried for dozens of millions of years, and took at least as long to form. In <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Uncommon-Carriers-John-McPhee/dp/0374280398">Uncommon Carriers</a></em>, <a href="http://johnmcphee.com/">John McPhee</a> says the largest power plant in Georgia, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Scherer">Plant Sherer</a>, &#8220;burns nearly thirteen hundred coal trains a year—two thousand miles of coal cars, twelve million tons of the bedrock of Wyoming.&#8221;</p>
<p>Nothing wrong with that, of course, unless you&#8217;re not human.</p>
<p>From any scope wider than our own, we are a pestilential species. Since the human diaspora began <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history#Paleolithic">spreading out of Africa</a> only a few thousand generations ago, we have chewed our way through land and species at a rate without equal in the history of the Earth, which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth">began 4.567 billion years ago</a>, or more than a third of the way back to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_universe">start of the Universe</a>. We are distinguished by our intelligence, our powers of speech and expression, our ability to use tools and to build things, our ability to learn and teach, and our diversity (no two of us, even twins, are exactly alike). There are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_population">6.781 billion of us now</a>. Few of us will live more than a hundred years, and fewer still will have more than a few decades to contribute more than carbon to the world.</p>
<p>Among the many recent developments in civilization, two stand out. One is a widespread realization that the effects of human activity on the planet are non-trivial. The other is a growing ability to connect with each other and communicate over any distance at very little cost. What will we do with this knowledge, and the ability to share it? Will we follow the model of civilizations that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_(book)">waste the places</a> where they live? Or will we prove to be creatures who can change their nature and stop doing that?</p>
<p>The former is the way to bet. The latter is the way to go.</p>
<p>Bonus read: John McPhee&#8217;s <a href="http://www.johnmcphee.com/controlofnature.htm">The Control of Nature</a>. A third of it is called &#8220;Los Angeles vs. The San Gabriel Mountains.&#8221; While it is mostly about &#8220;debris flows&#8221; — slow motion landslides — that happen during winter rains, the important part for today&#8217;s discussion involves a primary condition for those flows: mountain slopes denuded of vegetation by fires. This means you can count on many mudslides this coming winter.</p>
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		<title>Thinking outside the Internet box</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/28/thinking-outside-the-internet-box/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/28/thinking-outside-the-internet-box/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2009 15:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[Yochai Benkler]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/?p=2010</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A couple days ago I responded to a posting on an email list. What I wrote struck a few chords, so I thought I&#8217;d repeat it here, with just a few edits, and then add a few additional thoughts as well. Here goes.
Reading _____&#8217;s references to ancient electrical power science brings to mind my own [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A couple days ago I responded to a posting on an email list. What I wrote struck a few chords, so I thought I&#8217;d repeat it here, with just a few edits, and then add a few additional thoughts as well. Here goes.</p>
<blockquote><p>Reading _____&#8217;s references to ancient electrical power science brings to mind my own technical background, most of which is now also antique. Yet that background still informs of my understanding of the world, and my curiosities about What&#8217;s Going On Now, and What We Can Do Next. In fact I suspect that it is because I know so much about old technology that I am  bullish about framing What We Can Do Next on both solid modern science and maximal liberation from technically obsolete legal and technical frameworks &#8212; even though I struggle as hard as the next geek to escape those.</p>
<p>(Autobiographical digression begins here. If you&#8217;re not into geeky stuff, skip.)</p>
<p>As a kid growing up in the 1950s and early &#8217;60s I was obsessed with electricity and radio. I studied electronics and RF transmission and reception, was a ham radio operator, and put an inordinate amount of time into studying how antennas worked and electromagnetic waves propagated. From my home in New Jersey&#8217;s blue collar suburbs, I would ride my bike down to visit the transmitters of New York AM stations in the stinky tidewaters flanking the Turnpike, Routes 46 and 17, Paterson Plank Road and the Belleville Pike. (Nobody called them &#8220;Meadowlands&#8221; until many acres of them were paved in the &#8217;70s to support a sports complex by that name.) I loved hanging with the old guys who manned those transmitters, and who were glad to take me out on the gangways to show how readings were made, how phasing worked (sinusoidal synchronization again), how a night transmitter had to address a dummy load before somebody manually switched from day to night power levels and directional arrays. After I learned to drive, my idea of a fun trip was to visit FM and TV transmitters on the tops of buildings and mountains. (Hell, I <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/sets/72157600830655203/">still do that</a>.) Thus I came to understand skywaves and groundwaves, soil and salt water conductivity, ground systems, directional arrays and the inverse square law, all in the context of practical applications that required no shortage of engineering vernacular and black art.</p>
<p>I also obsessed on the reception end. In spite of living within sight of nearly every New York AM transmitter (<a href="http://www.bing.com/maps/default.aspx?v=2&amp;FORM=LMLTCP&amp;cp=qtd9cg8ttv6m&amp;style=b&amp;lvl=1&amp;tilt=-90&amp;dir=0&amp;alt=-1000&amp;phx=0&amp;phy=0&amp;phscl=1&amp;scene=23698571&amp;encType=1">WABC&#8217;s tower</a> was close that we could hear its audio in our kitchen toaster), I logged more than 800 AM stations on my 40s-vintage <a href="http://www.antiquewireless.org/otb/comsrcvr0503.htm">Hammarlund HQ-129x</a> receiver, which is still in storage at my sister&#8217;s place. That&#8217;s about 8 stations per channel. I came to understand how two-hop skywave reflection off the E layer of the ionosphere favored flat land or open water midway between transmission and reception points . This, I figured, is why I got <a href="http://www.fybush.com/sites/2008/site-080509.html">KSL</a> from Salt Lake City so well, but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOAI_(AM)">WOAI</a> from San Antonio hardly at all. (Both were &#8220;clear channel&#8221; stations in the literal sense &#8212; nothing else in North America was on their channels at night, when the ionosphere becomes reflective of signals on the AM band.) Midpoint for the latter lay within the topographical corrugations of the southern Apalachians. Many years later I found this theory supported by listening in Hawaii to AM stations from Western North America, on an ordinary car radio. I&#8217;m still not sure why I found those skywave signals fading and distorting (from multiple reflections in the very uneven ionosphere) far less than those over land. I am sure, however, that most of this hardly matters at all to current RF and digital communication science. After I moved to North Carolina, I used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporadic_E_propagation">Sporadic E</a> reflections to log more than 1200 FM stations, mostly from 800 to 1200 miles away, plus nearly every Channel 3 and 6 (locally, 2,4 and 5 were occupied) in that same range. All those TV signals are now off the air. (Low-band VHF TV &#8212; channels 2 to 6 &#8212; are not used for digital signals in the U.S.) My knowledge of this old stuff is now mostly of nostalgia value; but seeking it has left me with a continuing curiosity about the physical world and our infrastructural additions to it. This is why much of what looks like photography is actually research. For example, <a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=windowseat&amp;w=52614599%40N00">this</a> and <a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=52614599%40N00&amp;q=infrastructure&amp;m=text">this</a>. What you&#8217;re looking at there are pictures taken in service to geology and archaeology.</p>
<p>(End of autobiographical digression.)</p>
<p>Speaking of which, I am also busy lately studying the history of copyright, royalties and the music business &#8212; mostly so <a href="http://projectvrm.org">ProjectVRM</a> can avoid banging into any of those. This research amounts to legal and regulatory archaeology. Three preliminary findings stand out, and I would like to share them.</p>
<p><strong>First, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture">regulatory capture</a> is real, and nearly impossible to escape</strong>. The best you can do is keep it from spreading. Most regulations protect last week from yesterday, and are driven by the last century&#8217;s leading industries. Little if any regulatory lawmaking by established industries &#8212; especially if they feel their revenue bases threatened, clears room for future development. Rather, it prevents future development, even for the threatened parties who might need it most. Thus the bulk of conversation and debate, even among the most progressive and original participants, takes place within the bounds of still-captive markets. This is why it is nearly impossible to talk about Net-supportive infrastructure development without employing the conceptual scaffolding of telecom and cablecom. We can rationalize this, for example, by saying that demand for telephone and cable (or satellite TV) services is real and persists, but the deeper and more important fact is that it is very difficult for any of us to exit the framing of those businesses and still make sense.</p>
<p><strong>Second, infrastructure is plastic</strong>. The term &#8220;infrastructure&#8221; suggests physicality of the sturdiest kind, but in fact all of it is doomed to alteration, obsolescence and replacement. Some of it (Roman roads, for example) may last for centuries, but most of it is obsolete in a matter of decades, if not sooner. Consider over-the-air (OTA) TV. It is already a fossil. Numbered channels persist as station brands; but today very few of those stations transmit on their branded analog channels, and most of them are viewed over cable or satellite connections anyway. There are no reasons other than legacy regulatory ones to maintain the fiction that TV station locality is a matter of transmitter siting and signal range. Viewing of OTA TV signals is headed fast toward zero. It doesn&#8217;t help that digital signals play hard-to-get, and that the gear required for getting it sucks rocks. Nor does it help that cable and satellite providers that have gone out of their way to exclude OTA receiving circuitry from their latest gear, mostly force subscribing to channels that used to be free. As a result ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox and PBS are now a premium pay TV package. (For an example of how screwed  this is, <a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/01/adventures-in-value-subtraction">see here</a>.) Among the biggest fossils are thousands of TV towers, some more than 2000 feet high, maintained to continue reifying the concept of &#8220;coverage,&#8221; and to legitimize &#8220;must carry&#8221; rules for cable. After live audio stream playing on mobile devices becomes cheap and easy, watch AM and FM radio transmission fossilize in exactly the same ways. (By the way, if you want to do something green and good for the environment, lobby for taking down some of these towers, which are expensive to maintain and hazards to anything that flies. Start with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_masts#List_by_height">this list here</a>. Note the &#8220;UHF/VHF transmission&#8221; column. Nearly all these towers were built for analog transmission and many are already abandoned. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/linuxjournal/sets/72157605881277885/">This one, for example</a>.)</p>
<p><strong>Third, &#8220;infrastructure&#8221; is a relatively new term and vaguely <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/understanding-infrastructure">understood</a> outside arcane uses within various industries</strong>. It drifted from military to everyday use in the 1970s, and is still not a field in itself. Try looking for an authoritative reference book on the general subject of infrastructure. There isn&#8217;t one. Yet digital technology requires that we challenge the physical anchoring of infrastructure as a concept. Are bits infrastructural? How about the means for arranging and moving them? The Internet (the most widespread means for moving bits) is defined fundamentally by its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite">suite of protocols</a>, not by the physical media over which data travels, even though there are capacity and performance dependencies on the latter. Again, we are in captured territory here. Only in conceptual jails can we sensibly <a href="http://www.fcc.gov/enbanc/021998/tr021998.txt">debate whether</a> something is an &#8220;information service&#8221; or a &#8220;telecommunication service&#8221;. And yet most of us who care about the internet and infrasructure do exactly that.</p></blockquote>
<p>That last one is big. Maybe too big. I&#8217;ve written often about <a href="http://publius.cc/2008/05/16/doc-searls-framing-the-net">how hard it is to frame our understanding</a> of the Net. Now I&#8217;m beginning to think <strong>we should admit that the Internet itself, as concept, is too limiting</strong>, and not much less antique than telecom or &#8220;power grid&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;The Internet&#8221; is not a thing. It&#8217;s a finger pointing in the direction of a thing that isn&#8217;t. It is the name we give to the sense of place we get when we go &#8220;on&#8221; a mesh of unseen connections to interact with other entitites. Even the term &#8220;<a href="http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2009/04/the_big_company.php">cloud</a>&#8220;, labeling a <a href="http://www.nicholasgcarr.com/bigswitch/">utility data service</a>, betrays the vagueness of our regard toward The Net.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve been on the phone a lot lately with <a href="http://www.erikcecil.com/">Erik Cecil</a>, a veteran telecom attorney who has been thinking out loud about how networks are something other than the physical paths we reduce them to. He regards <em>network</em> mostly in its verb form: as what we do with our freedom — to enhance our intelligence, our wealth, our productivity, and the rest of what we do as contributors to civilization. To network we need technologies that enable <em>what we do</em> in maximal ways.  This, he says, requires that we re-think all our public utilities — energy, water, communications, transportation, military/security and law, to name a few &#8212; within the context of networking as <em>something we do</em> rather than <em>something we have</em>. (Think also of <a href="http://futureoftheinternet.org/blog">Jonathan Zittrain&#8217;s elevation</a> of <em>generativity</em> as a supportive quality of open technology and standards. As verbs here, <em>network</em> and <em>generate</em> might not be too far apart.)</p>
<p>The social production side of this is well covered in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yochai_Benkler">Yochai Benkler</a>&#8217;s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Networks">The Wealth of Networks</a>, but the full challenge of what Erik talks about is to re-think all infrastructure outside all old boxes, including the one we call The Internet.</p>
<p>As we do that, it is essential that we look to employ the innovative capacities of businesses old and new. This is a hat tip in the general direction of ISPs, and to the concerns often expressed by <a href="http://broadbandpolitics.com/">Richard Bennett and Brett Glass</a>: that <a href="http://broadbandpolitics.com/?p=5744">new Internet regulation may already be antique and unnecessary</a>, and that small ISPs (<a href="http://lariat.net/">a WISP in Brett&#8217;s case</a>) should be the best connections of high-minded thinkers like yours truly (and others named above) to the real world where rubber meets road.</p>
<p>There is a bigger picture here. We can&#8217;t have only some of us painting it.</p>
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		<title>A Jean Shepherd podcast?</title>
		<link>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/23/a-jean-shepherd-podcast/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/23/a-jean-shepherd-podcast/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2009 19:40:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doc Searls</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2009/08/23/a-jean-shepherd-podcast/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Imagine a &#8220;News from Lake Wobegon&#8221; without the homespun prairie jive, lasting for more than an hour every weeknight, and packed with great stories, mostly of being a normal kid from greater blue-collar Chicago. That was Jean Shepherd, who was Required Listening in New York &#8212; and the whole Northeast &#8212;  from the &#8217;50s [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Imagine a &#8220;News from Lake Wobegon&#8221; without the homespun prairie jive, lasting for more than an hour every weeknight, and packed with great stories, mostly of being a normal kid from greater blue-collar Chicago. That was<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Shepherd"> Jean Shepherd</a>, who was Required Listening in New York &#8212; and the whole Northeast &#8212;  from the &#8217;50s to the &#8217;70s. &#8220;Shep&#8221; was also a writer of books and articles, a public performer, an artist and a screenwriter best known for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Christmas_Story">A Christmas Story</a> the 1983 hit movie that has since become required showing on holiday season television.</p>
<p>So I&#8217;m listening right now to <a href="http://legacy.kcrw.com/specials/JeanShepherd.html">&#8220;A Voice in the Night: A Tribute to Jean Shepherd&#8221;</a>, on one of the <a href="http://www.sirius.com/">Sirius</a> public radio channels. I can&#8217;t tell which one because the display on the receiver is too dim, and the service&#8217;s own <a href="http://www.sirius.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Sirius/Page&amp;c=Channel&amp;cid=1102975192871&amp;s=sched">guide</a> is  nearly clue-free. (And I wont get rid of this receiver, because it&#8217;s one of the early ones with an illegally strong FM transmitter, which I like, and because it fits in three different cradles that will fit none of the newer units. I will, with regret for losing Howard Stern, dump Sirius when my subscription runs out later this year.)</p>
<p>Anyway, I&#8217;m busy and would love to hear this show later on a podcast. Alas, the only listen-link on the show page goes to a RealAudio stream that requires sitting at your computer (and having a Real player). If anybody knows how to get this on a podcast, let the rest of us know. Thanks.</p>
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